# Will El Niño bring more heat and water shortages to Afghanistan?

### Experts warn of El Niño’s climate consequences in Afghanistan

Kabul Times News | Report: Shahpour Nayebzada

With climate fluctuations increasing in the region, climate experts are warning that El Niño could have far-reaching consequences for Afghanistan’s climate, water resources and food security.

Afghanistan, which is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, has faced repeated droughts, reduced water resources, flash floods and rising temperatures in recent years. Experts believe that the potential impacts of El Niño could exacerbate these challenges.

One of the most important consequences of this phenomenon is a significant increase in air temperatures in different parts of the country; an issue that could directly affect water resources, the agricultural sector and the daily lives of citizens.

### Early snowmelt and increased risk of water shortages

Experts say rising temperatures could cause mountain snow to melt more quickly. While this situation increases the likelihood of seasonal floods in the short term, in the long term it could lead to reduced water reserves and water shortages in the summer season.

Afghanistan gets a large part of its water resources from winter snow and glaciers; therefore, any change in the snowmelt process could have serious consequences for agriculture and drinking water supplies.

### Threat of drought and reduced agricultural production

More heat will increase the evaporation of water from the soil surface, dams and water sources. This situation could face a lack of moisture in agricultural lands and put more pressure on farmers.

Experts warn that if the warming trend and reduced rainfall continue, there is a possibility of reduced agricultural yields and increased food insecurity in some parts of the country.

### Increased risk of heat-related illnesses

Rising temperatures can threaten the health of citizens, especially children, the elderly, and people with underlying diseases. Heatstroke, dehydration, and some climate-related illnesses are among the risks that increase in the summer season.

### Kabul and major cities at risk of water crisis

Environmental experts believe that major cities in Afghanistan, especially Kabul, are more vulnerable to the consequences of climate change. Rapid population growth, declining groundwater resources, and increased water consumption have increased concerns about the shortage of drinking water in the coming years.

According to them, sustainable management of water resources, environmental protection, and investment in water supply infrastructure are among the most important measures that can reduce the severity of the possible consequences of El Niño and other climate phenomena.

While Afghanistan contributes a small share of global greenhouse gas emissions, it is among the countries most affected by climate change.