133 years after the formation of the Durand Line, this issue remains one of the most complex and controversial political and security issues in Afghanistan.

133 years after the formation of the Durand Line, this issue remains one of the most complex and controversial political and security issues in Afghanistan. During this time, Afghanistan has experienced different periods: from having a regular army and relatively powerful governments to the presence and support of two world superpowers at different times. However, neither the use of force and war, nor scattered peaceful efforts, have been able to heal this historical wound.

Today, with the presence of the Taliban and dozens of extremist and terrorist groups in the region—introduced by some as providers of “complete security”—the reality on the ground shows that the threat has not only not diminished, but has also acquired regional and global dimensions. This situation raises the fundamental question: if neither war nor intermittent peace have been the solution, then when and how will this crisis be resolved?

For over a century, the Durand Line has been not only a geographical boundary, but also a source of deep distrust, tension, and bloodshed. Thousands of Afghan citizens, including countless family members, have been victims of conflicts rooted in this dispute. Many of these casualties are directly or indirectly linked to regional interventions and policies, particularly by Pakistan.

However, historical experience has shown that continuing hostility and confrontation with a country that shares more than 2,600 kilometers of border with Afghanistan is neither practical nor conducive to lasting stability. Supporting proxy and extremist groups—a policy that has been pursued in the region for years—has ultimately led not only Afghanistan but also its supporters into crisis.

On the other hand, relying solely on relations with distant powers, such as proximity to India, has also failed to ensure long-term political stability for Afghanistan. The geopolitical reality of the region requires that the role of neighbors, even if relations with them are difficult and tense, be realistically considered.

In addition to external factors, Afghanistan’s internal problems have also played a decisive role in the continuation of this crisis. Political discord, lack of national unity, weakness in management and political wisdom, widespread corruption, and the growth of ideological extremism have all contributed to the weakening of the state and society. These internal factors have, in many cases, provided opportunities for foreign actors to exploit.

Ultimately, resolving the Durand Line issue is not possible through military force or emotional slogans. It requires a multidimensional approach that includes honest regional dialogue, strengthening internal cohesion, reviewing foreign policy, and accepting geopolitical realities. Without internal reform and building national consensus, no sustainable solution—even at the international level—will be achieved.

After decades of war and sacrifice, the people of Afghanistan need, more than ever, a rational, responsible, and forward-looking approach to ending this historic crisis.